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MRCPUK Endocrinology and Diabetes (Specialty Certificate Examination) Sample Questions:
1. A 62-year-old man was referred from the infectious diseases clinic. He had HIV infection and was taking treatment that included thymidine analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. He had developed considerable loss of limb and gluteal subcutaneous fat. He had complained recently of polyuria and polydipsia and was found to have a fasting plasma glucose of 8.3 mmol/L (3.0-6.0).
What is the most appropriate treatment for his diabetes mellitus?
A) exenatide
B) pioglitazone
C) gliclazide
D) insulin
E) metformin
2. A 33-year-old woman was seen for diabetes review 2 months after her first pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed at 18 weeks' gestation. She had experienced no symptoms; routine urinalysis had shown glucose 4+, with no ketones, and her fasting blood glucose concentration was 6.2 mmol/L (3.0-6.0), rising to 13.5 mmol/L (<7.8) in a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. She had been treated with insulin during the pregnancy, and stopped after delivery. Her mother and maternal aunt had been treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a maternal uncle for type 1 diabetes. Her body mass index was 23.7 kg/m2 (18-25).
Without insulin she remained well, with no osmotic symptoms, no weight loss and no ketosis.
Investigations:
fasting plasma glucose8.4 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
haemoglobin A1c68 mmol/mol (20-42)
oral glucose tolerance test (75 g):
fasting plasma glucose7.9 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
2-h plasma glucose13.8 mmol/L (<7.8)
serum insulin72 pmol/L (<186)
serum C-peptide945 pmol/L (180-360)
A trial of therapy with gliclazide 40 mg once daily led to a significant improvement in her blood glucose.
What is the most likely cause of her diabetes?
A) type 2 diabetes mellitus
B) type 1 diabetes mellitus
C) maturity-onset diabetes of the young caused by glucokinase mutation
D) maturity-onset diabetes of the young caused by HNF-1? mutation
E) latent autoimmune diabetes in adulthood
3. A 54-year-old man on the neurosurgery unit developed hyponatraemia 3 days after presenting with a significant head injury. His Glasgow coma score (GCS) had been 6 on admission.
On examination, his GCS was 12. His blood pressure was 124/84 mmHg. There was no
oedema.
Investigations:
serum sodium118 mmol/L (137-144)
serum urea3.0 mmol/L (2.5-7.0)
serum creatinine72 umol/L (60-110)
random serum cortisol (08.00 h on day of review)480 nmol/L
serum thyroid-stimulating hormone1.2 mU/L (0.4-5.0)
random urinary sodium60 mmol/L
What is the most appropriate interpretation of these data?
A) the diagnosis would be helped by measurement of plasma vasopressin concentration
B) a short tetracosactide (Synacthen@) test (250 micrograms) is required to exclude secondary hypoadrenalism
C) intravascular volume depletion
D) they are consistent with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis
E) the urinary sodium concentration is diagnostic of cerebral salt wasting
4. A 26-year-old man was referred from the sexual health clinic, after small testes had been noted during treatment for genital warts. The patient reported recent loss of libido but there was no history of erectile dysfunction or delayed pubertal development. He was taking no regular medication. Approximately 3 years before presentation, he had taken anabolic steroids for 6 months to improve his muscle bulk.
On examination, normal facial, axillary and pubic hair was present. Testicular volume was 6 mL and his testes were firm.
Investigations:
serum testosterone4.0 nmol/L (9.0-35.0)
plasma follicle-stimulating hormone21.0 U/L (1.0-7.0)
plasma luteinising hormone23.0 U/L (1.0-10.0)
serum prolactin420 mU/L (<360)
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) microprolactinoma
B) Klinefelter's syndrome
C) exogenous anabolic steroid use
D) haemochromatosis
E) Kallmann's syndrome
5. A 20-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of lethargy and weakness. His brother had been found to have adrenal failure at the age of 18. He had two sisters who were well and there was no other family history of endocrine autoimmune disease.
On examination, his blood pressure was 100/60 mmHg.
Investigations:
serum sodium136 mmol/L (137-144)
serum potassium4.8 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
short tetracosactide (Synacthen@) test (250 micrograms):
baseline serum cortisol100 nmol/L
serum cortisol (30 min after tetracosactide)250 nmol/L (>550)
anti-adrenal antibodiesnegative
What is the most important diagnosis to consider?
A) tuberculosis
B) isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency
C) autoimmune hypoadrenalism
D) adrenoleucodystrophy
E) familial glucocorticoid resistance
Solutions:
| Question # 1 Answer: E | Question # 2 Answer: D | Question # 3 Answer: D | Question # 4 Answer: B | Question # 5 Answer: D |







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